一、学习目标
- 理解定语从句修饰名词或代词。
- 能识别先行词和关系词。
- 会选择 who、which、that 等常见关系词。
二、核心概念
| 概念 | 学习时要抓住的意思 |
|---|---|
| 先行词 | 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 |
| 关系词 | 连接从句并在从句中充当成分。 |
| 定语从句 | 放在先行词后，说明它是哪一个或什么样。 |
三、重点知识
| 重点 | 判断方法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 人 | who/that | The boy who helped me is Tom. |
| 物 | which/that | The book that I bought is useful. |
| 所属 | whose | The girl whose bag is red is my friend. |
四、知识点讲解
定语从句像一个“后置说明牌”，跟在名词后面进一步说明这个人或物。
1. 学习步骤
- 找先行词，判断指人还是指物。
- 看关系词在从句中作主语、宾语还是定语。
- 选择合适关系词并检查从句是否完整。
2. 记忆提示
- 关系词作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中有时可省略。
whose后通常接名词，表示所属。
五、易错点
| 易错点 | 常见错误 | 正确做法 |
|---|---|---|
| 先行词判断错 | The book who… | The book which/that… |
| 关系词重复宾语 | The book that I bought it | The book that I bought |
| 从句位置错 | Who helped me the boy is Tom. | The boy who helped me is Tom. |
六、例题
1. 选择关系词
The man ___ is speaking is our teacher.
答案： who/that，先行词指人且关系词作主语。
2. 合并句子
I bought a book. The book is about science.
答案： I bought a book which/that is about science.
七、练习题和答案
1. 练习题
- The girl ___ won the prize is my sister.
- This is the bike ___ I bought yesterday.
- I know the boy ___ father is a doctor.
- 改错：The movie that we watched it was interesting.
- 翻译：正在唱歌的男孩是我的朋友。
2. 答案
- who/that
- which/that 或省略
- whose
- The movie that we watched was interesting.
- The boy who is singing is my friend.