一、学习目标
- 理解非谓语动词不单独作谓语。
- 能区分 to do、doing 和 done。
- 能根据主动被动、时间先后和句子功能选择形式。
二、核心概念
| 概念 | 高中阶段要抓住的意思 |
|---|---|
| to do | 常表示目的、将来或具体动作。 |
| doing | 常表示主动、进行或泛指动作。 |
| done | 常表示被动或完成。 |
三、重点知识
| 重点 | 判断方法 | 例句或应用 |
|---|---|---|
| 目的 | 用 to do | He came to help us. |
| 主动进行 | 用 doing | The boy standing there is Tom. |
| 被动完成 | 用 done | The book written by her is popular. |
四、知识点讲解
非谓语的本质是让第二个动作在句中承担修饰、补充或名词化功能。
1. 学习步骤
- 找句中真正的谓语动词。
- 判断非谓语动作和逻辑主语的主动或被动关系。
- 结合时间先后和句子功能选择 to do、doing 或 done。
2. 记忆提示
- 一个简单句通常只有一个谓语核心。
- 非谓语作定语时,要看它修饰的名词和动作关系。
五、易错点
| 易错点 | 常见问题 | 正确做法 |
|---|---|---|
| 双谓语 | He sat there read a book. | He sat there reading a book. |
| 主动被动错 | the book writing by him | the book written by him |
| to 后形式错 | to went | to go |
六、例题
1. 填空
The girl ___ (stand) under the tree is my sister.
答案: standing,女孩主动站在那里。
2. 改写
He got up early. He wanted to catch the bus. 合并。
答案: He got up early to catch the bus.
七、练习题和答案
1. 练习题
- The man ___ (invite) to the meeting is our teacher.
- I have a lot of homework ___ (do).
- ___ (see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
- 改错:She entered the room and smiling.
- 说出 doing 和 done 的一个核心区别。
2. 答案
- invited
- to do
- Seen
- She entered the room smiling. / She entered the room and smiled.
- doing 常表主动,done 常表被动或完成。